The UCUM also minimizes confusion with are, a unit of area, by using the abbreviation “ar”. Financial and scientific calculations often use a 365-day calendar to simplify horizontal analysis of balance sheets and financial statements daily rates. Calendars are useful for individuals and corporations to manage their schedules, plan events and activities, and mark special occasions in the future.
Later the Babylonians, Jews, and Greeks counted a day from sunset to sunset, whereas the day was said to begin at dawn for the Hindus and Egyptians and at midnight for the Romans. The Teutons counted nights, and from them the grouping of 14 days called a fortnight is derived. The calendar year is also called the civil year and contains a full 365 days or 366 for a leap year. The Gregorian calendar is the international standard and is used in most parts of the world to organize religious, social, business, personal, and administrative events. The vague year, from annus vagus or wandering year, is an integral approximation to the year equaling 365 days, which wanders in relation to more exact years. Typically the vague year is divided into 12 schematic months of 30 days each plus 5 epagomenal days.
Calendar, any system for dividing time over extended periods, such as days, months, or years, and arranging such divisions in a definite order. A calendar is convenient for regulating civil life and religious observances and for historical and scientific purposes. The development of a calendar is vital for the study of chronology, since this is concerned with reckoning time by regular divisions, or periods, and using these to date events. It is essential, too, for any civilization that needs to measure periods for agricultural, business, domestic, or other reasons.
- Some schools in the United States, notably Boston Latin School, may divide the year into five or more marking periods.
- These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘calendar year.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors.
- Later the Babylonians, Jews, and Greeks counted a day from sunset to sunset, whereas the day was said to begin at dawn for the Hindus and Egyptians and at midnight for the Romans.
- Some schools in the UK, Canada and the United States divide the academic year into three roughly equal-length terms (called trimesters or quarters in the United States), roughly coinciding with autumn, winter, and spring.
- A calendar year for individuals and many companies is used as the fiscal year, or the one-year period on which their payable taxes are calculated.
A calendar year for individuals and many companies is used as the fiscal year, or the one-year period on which their payable taxes are calculated. In most cases, this period starts on April 1 and ends on March 31, and better conforms to seasonality patterns or other accounting concerns applicable to their businesses. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘calendar.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘calendar year.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Generally, those who follow the calendar year for tax filings include anyone who has no annual accounting period, has no books or records, and whose current tax year does not qualify as a fiscal year. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘year.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors.
Examples of calendar in a Sentence
In West Africa some tribes used a four-day interval; in central Asia five days was customary; the Assyrians adopted five days and the Egyptians 10 days, whereas the Babylonians attached significance to the days of the lunation that were multiples of seven. In ancient Rome, markets were held at eight-day intervals; because of the Roman method of inclusive numeration, the market day was denoted nundinae (“ninth-day”) and the eight-day week an inter nundium. There was also great variety in the ways in which the day was subdivided.
Astronomers, for instance, from about the 2nd century ce until 1925, counted days from noon to noon. In earlier civilizations and among primitive peoples, where there was less communication between different settlements or groups, different methods of reckoning the day presented no difficulties. Most primitive tribes used a dawn-to-dawn reckoning, calling a succession of days so many dawns, or suns.
It differs from the sidereal year for stars away from the ecliptic due mainly to the precession of the equinoxes. Some other schools, including some in the United States, have four marking periods. Some schools in the United States, notably Boston Latin School, may divide the year into five or more marking periods.
- The academic year may be divided into academic terms, such as semesters or quarters.
- The advent of technology has made planning even easier, as calendars are now easily accessible through computers, smartphones, and other personal devices.
- Individuals who file using the calendar year must continue to do so even if they begin operating a business, sole proprietorship, or become an S corporation shareholder.
- In ancient Rome, markets were held at eight-day intervals; because of the Roman method of inclusive numeration, the market day was denoted nundinae (“ninth-day”) and the eight-day week an inter nundium.
Such seasonal variations in divisions of the day, now called seasonal or temporal hours, became customary in antiquity because they corresponded to the length of the Sun’s time above the horizon, at maximum in summer and at minimum in winter. Only with the advent of mechanical clocks in western Europe at the end of the 13th century did seasonal (unequal) hours become inconvenient. Although days are now measured from midnight to midnight, this has not always been so.
Historically, lunisolar calendars intercalated entire leap months on an observational basis. Lunisolar calendars have mostly fallen out of use except for liturgical reasons (Hebrew calendar, various Hindu calendars). The IRS requires businesses to file their taxes on the 15th day of the third month after the end of their fiscal year. So if a company’s fiscal year ends on June 30, the business must file its taxes by September 15.
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The first practical calendar to evolve from these requirements was the Egyptian, and it was this that the Romans developed into the Julian calendar that served western Europe for more than 1,500 years. The Gregorian calendar was a further improvement and has been almost universally adopted because it satisfactorily draws into one system the dating of religious festivals based on the phases of the Moon and seasonal activities determined by the movement of the Sun. Such a calendar system is complex, since the periods of the Moon’s phases and the Sun’s motion are incompatible; but by adopting regular cycles of days and comparatively simple rules for their application, the calendar provides a year with an error of less than half a minute. Once the day is divided into parts, the next task is to gather numbers of days into groups. Among primitive peoples, it was common to count moons (months) rather than days, but later a period shorter than the month was thought more convenient, and an interval between market days was adopted.
year American Dictionary
This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. A seasonal year is the time between successive recurrences of a seasonal event such as the flooding of a river, the migration of a species of bird, the flowering of a species of plant, the first frost, or the first scheduled game of a certain sport. All of these events can have wide variations of more than a month from year to year. Schools and universities in Australia typically have academic years that roughly align with the calendar year (i.e., starting in February or March and ending in October to December), as the southern hemisphere experiences summer from December to February.
Translations of calendar
Moreover, while any sole proprietor or business may adopt the calendar year as its fiscal year, the IRS imposes specific requirements on those businesses wanting to use a different fiscal year. For individual and corporate taxation purposes, the calendar year commonly coincides with the fiscal year and thus generally comprises all of the year’s financial information used to calculate income tax payable. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only.
Other words from calendar
The exponents and exponential notations are typically used for calculating and in displaying calculations, and for conserving space, as in tables of data. A calendar era assigns a cardinal number to each sequential year, using a reference event in the past (called the epoch) as the beginning of the era. Individuals who file using the calendar year must continue to do so even if they begin operating a business, sole proprietorship, or become an S corporation shareholder.
An academic year is the annual period during which a student attends an educational institution. The academic year may be divided into academic terms, such as semesters or quarters. The school year in many countries starts in August or September and ends in May, June or July. In Israel the academic year begins around October or November, aligned with the second month of the Hebrew calendar.
The vague year was used in the calendars of Ethiopia, Ancient Egypt, Iran, Armenia and in Mesoamerica among the Aztecs and Maya.[13] It is still used by many Zoroastrian communities. Astronomical years do not have an integer number of days or lunar months. Any calendar that follows an astronomical year must have a system of intercalation such as leap years. The seven-day week may owe its origin partly to the four (approximately) seven-day phases of the Moon and partly to the Babylonian belief in the sacredness of the number seven, which was probably related to the seven planets. Moreover, by the 1st century bce the Jewish seven-day week seems to have been adopted throughout the Roman world, and this influenced Christendom. The names in English of the days of the week are derived from Latin or Anglo-Saxon names of gods.